Efficient Ways of Rural Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries

We aim to develop low-cost technologies for the treatment and reuse of rural domestic wastewater in agricultural irrigation and landscaping. These technologies are based on gravity flow and do not require energy for pumping, agitation, or aeration. Additionally, the sludge generated from the mini-Steps can be used as organic fertilizers for agriculture. The chosen technologies are CAR or UASB reactor. The structures are designed based on the average daily flow rate and constructed using local concrete. The treated water storage basin is also covered to prevent accelerated evaporation caused by sunlight, particularly in sub-Saharan countries that are vulnerable to the impacts of climate disturbances.