Determination and Characterization of Lectin Activity from Texas Live Oak (Quercus fusiformis)

Lectin is a protein of non-immunological origin. It is a protein with agglutination properties. They have
biological properties that can be exploited for medicinal and therapeutic purposes. The objective of
this study was to isolate and characterize lectin activity in Texas Live Oak (Quercus fusiformis). More
specifically, the study aimed to determine the lectin’s blood group specificity and pH stability,
determine effects of seasonal variation, soil moisture and soil pH on lectin activity. The study also
aimed to determine the presence of antifungal activity in Q. fusiformis extracts. Lectin activity was
detected and compared via agglutination and protein assays. Protein partial purification was
accomplished using diethylaminoethyl ion-exchange chromatography matrix. High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) was used to assess purity of the lectin. Results showed that Q. fusiformis
extracts’ lectin activities are stable at a pH range of 5.2 - 9.2 but with a significant decrease in activity
above pH 9.2. Lectin activity was significantly higher when assayed against sheep red blood cells as
compared to other blood groups tested. Quercus fusiformis extract is devoid of antifungal activity
against Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. Seasonal variation, soil moisture, and soil pH do
not significantly correlate with lectin activity. Results from HPLC showed presence of three peaks
indicating a partial purification of the Q. fusiformis lectin.