How to Introduce the Social Mathematical & Human Engineering Science into the Academic Field

An academic discipline or academic field, also known as a field of study, field of inquiry, research field
and branch of knowledge, is a subdivision of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college
or university level. Disciplines are defined (in part), and recognized by the academic journals in which
research is published, and the learned societies and academic departments or faculties to which their
practitioners belong. It includes scientific disciplines. It incorporates expertise, people, projects,
communities, challenges, studies, inquiry, and research areas that are strongly associated with a
given scholastic subject area or college department. For example, the branches of science are
commonly referred to as the scientific disciplines, e.g. physics, chemistry, and biology. As the social
science disciplines included; economics, politics, sociology, and psychology [70-73]. The psychologist
Anthony Biglan has developed a classification system for disciplines according to the beliefs held
about them by their members [74], which seeks to further explain some of the differences between
disciplines. It most generally divides disciplines into ‘hard’ or ‘paradigmatic’ disciplines and ‘soft’ or
‘pre-paradigmatic’ disciplines, which also points at the divide between natural sciences and
humanities/social sciences. In addition, Biglan distinguishes between disciplines that are ‘pure’ or
primarily theoretical (e.g. mathematics) and disciplines that are ‘applied’ (e.g. engineering), and
thirdly, disciplines that engage with ‘living systems’ (e.g. biology) and those with ‘non-living systems’
(e.g. history).