ANTIBIOTICS SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF MICROORGANISMS ENCOUNTERED IN RIVERINE AREAS OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

Aim: This study is aimed at determining the antibiotic complexity of microorganisms encountered in riverine areas of Ondo State, Nigeria.

Methods: Water and sediments samples were collected from riverine communities in Ondo State, located in the western region of Nigeria. The samples were analysed for their microbiological properties complemented with antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates using standard paper disc described by Kirby-Bauer technique.

Results: The bacterial species encountered include Micrococcus spp. 9 (28.13%) and Pseudomonas spp. 6 (18.75%) predominantly isolated from soil and water samples. Bacillus spp. 5 (15.63%), Bacillus circulans, 2 (6.25%), Bacillus macerans, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus spp. having 1 (3.13%) isolate each, were from the soil samples. Other isolates Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Veillonela spp., Escherichia coli constituting 3.13% of the total isolates respectively. Bacillus spp. had highest resistance to Augmentin (AUG -30 µg) and Ceftriazole (CRO -30 µg) with values of 30 and 31 resistant strains respectively compared with the lowest resistant values of 4 isolates with the use of Ofloxacin (OFL -5 µg). In general, Micrococcus species (58) showed highest resistant pattern to the antibiotics tested followed by the bacteria of the genus Bacillus (53).

Conclusion: The bacterial isolates generally had multiple antibiotic resistance index of 1 and above (MARI > 1) to about 60% of the antibiotics used. This result signifies the need for an improved ecological scheme in these riverine areas and can also form a database for clinical administration of antibiotics in health care sectors.