The Role of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Functional foods containing bioactive compounds may help prevent chronic conditions and promote wellness beyond basic nutrition. Likewise, dietary nutraceutical supplements show promise for reducing disease risk. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding effects of key functional foods and nutraceuticals on outcomes related to cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammation, immunity, microbiome health, and integrative markers of metabolic health. We specifically summarize findings from clinical trials and experimental studies on foods (e.g. fatty fish, soy, cocoa, nuts, berries, yogurt) and nutritional supplements (e.g. probiotics, vitamins, omega fatty acids, phytochemicals). Collectively, data supports that achieving optimal intake of certain bioactive functional food components may help reduce morbidity and mortality from highly prevalent chronic illnesses. However, further research should continue investigating mechanisms of action, safe effective dosages, nutrigenomic responses, and strategies to improve consumer selection and adherence. Ultimately nutrition-based lifestyle approaches emphasizing functional foods and nutraceuticals aligned with dietary guidance have potential to significantly impact public health by filling nutritional gaps, regulating disease pathways, and promoting protective responses.