Examining Two Decades of Climate Variability in Karnataka: Insights from Temperature and Rainfall Trends

Karnataka, celebrated for its diverse landscapes and rich cultural heritage, has witnessed significant variations in temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall patterns over the past two decades. These changes, driven by factors such as population growth, globalization, and both human-made and natural phenomena, have had diverse impacts across the state's districts. While average annual rainfall showed minimal variation overall, there were notable intra-district differences. Uttara Kannada, Hassan, and Shivamogga experienced increases in mean rainfall, contrasting with Gadag, Raichur, and Kolar, where changes were less pronounced. The study highlights the geographical specificity of rainfall distribution within Karnataka. Temperature trends revealed Raichur to have the highest average maximum and minimum temperatures, with Hassan recording its lowest minimum temperature in 2005. Kolar exhibited the lowest average maximum relative humidity, while peaks were noted in 2019 and 2020. Conversely, Kolar had the highest average minimum relative humidity, while Raichur experienced the lowest levels. Recognizing the profound implications of climate variability, particularly for agriculture, this study offers crucial insights for crafting adaptive strategies. These strategies are vital for ensuring the sustainability and resilience of Karnataka's diverse districts in the face of ongoing environmental changes.