Water and Irrigation Needs of Tuber Crops in Coastal Climates: A Review

One of the most essential elements for plant growth is water. Large amounts of it are required by plants constantly throughout their life cycle. It significantly affects agricultural activities like irrigation, soil management, crop production, and chemical spraying environments, as well as plant processes like photosynthesis, respiration, absorption, transport, and use of mineral nutrients. This review examines the impacts of climate change on root and tuber crops, including rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, extreme weather events, and changes in pest and disease dynamics. These changes significantly affect root and tuber crop production, leading to lower yields, compromised quality, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, and limited access to water resources. Adaptation strategies encompass various approaches, such as agronomic practices, crop diversification, improved water management, breeding for climate resilience, and agro ecological methods. In the world, the most significant root and tuber crops are cassava, sweet potatoes, and potatoes. Water will produce maximum production for root crops; however, water stress during critical stages might adversely affect the final output of root crops. The purpose of this article of review is to understand the water and irrigation needs of tuber crops (sweet potato, greater and lesser yams, aerial yams, elephant foot yams, xanthosoma, and cassava) that are effectively produced in Maharashtra's coastal climate. This review emphasizes the urgent need to address climate change impacts on tropical root and tuber crops. It highlights the critical role of adaptive measures in ensuring long-term sustainability and food security in a changing climate.