The Clusters Hiding in Plain Sight (CHiPS) Survey: CHIPS1911+4455, a Rapidly Cooling Core in a Merging Cluster

We present high-resolution optical images from the Hubble Space Telescope, X-ray images from the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and optical spectra from the Nordic Optical Telescope for a newly discovered galaxy cluster, CHIPS1911+4455, at z = 0.485 ± 0.005. CHIPS1911+4455 was discovered in the Clusters Hiding in Plain Sight survey, which sought to discover galaxy clusters with extreme central galaxies that were misidentified as isolated X-ray point sources in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. With new Chandra X-ray observations, we find the core (r = 10 kpc) entropy to be ${17}_{-9}^{+2}\,\mathrm{keV}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, suggesting a strong cool core, which is typically found at the centers of relaxed clusters. However, the large-scale morphology of CHIPS1911+4455 is highly asymmetric, pointing to a more dynamically active and turbulent cluster. Furthermore, the Hubble images reveal a massive, filamentary starburst near the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). We measure the star formation rate for the BCG to be 140–190 M⊙ yr−1, which is one of the highest rates measured in a central cluster galaxy to date. One possible scenario for CHIPS1911+4455 is that the cool core was displaced during a major merger and rapidly cooled, with cool, star-forming gas raining back toward the core. This unique system is an excellent case study for high-redshift clusters, where such phenomena are proving to be more common. Further studies of such systems will drastically improve our understanding of the relation between cluster mergers and cooling, and how these fit in the bigger picture of active galactic nuclei feedback.