Tourism Village Development: Measuring the Effectiveness of the Success of Village Development

The objectives of this research are to identify the distribution of tourist villages in the Central Java Province using a spatial approach and to analyze the current conditions regarding: (a) the comparison of the conditions of tourist villages and non-tourist villages from the input aspects (attractiveness, accessibility, amenity) supporting tourism development, (b) the comparison of the conditions of tourist villages and non-tourist villages seen from the output of tourist village development achievements (Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Developing Village Index (DVI)), and (c) the influence of input factors on output factors with the status of tourist villages as a moderating variable. This research seeks to examine the area of villages in the Central Java Province, with 8562 villages focusing on 384 tourist villages and 8178 non-tourist villages. The analytical methods used to answer the objectives of this research are Geographic Information System (GIS), Mann–Whitney test (U test), and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The existence of tourist villages in general can have a positive impact in increasing attractiveness, amenities, and SDGs. These findings prove that the existence of a tourist village is able to support the achievement of the Village SDGs. This is in accordance with previous studies, which found that tourism development can have a positive effect on village economic conditions. In terms of accessibility, there is no significant difference between tourist villages and non-tourism villages because currently the development of accessibility infrastructure in rural areas is evenly distributed, not only in tourist villages but in all villages. As for DVI, the existence of tourist villages has not been able to encourage the achievement of DVI because there are many elements that make up DVI not only aspects of attractiveness, accessibility and amenities but also elements of social, economic and environmental resilience.