An Overview of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics in Modern Plant Science

Bioinformatics plays monumental role in decoding the genomic landscape of plant species for agricultural advancements. While only a few plant genomes have been fully sequenced, the pan-genomic approach, involving the study of both the core and accessory genomes, is necessary to fully understand a species' genomic content. Bioinformatics, at the intersection of computer science and biology, handles the vast biological data generated during plant genomics research, facilitating data analysis, organization, and interpretation. By developing algorithms and tools, bioinformatics aids in gene prediction, functional annotation, sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and more. It enables researchers to uncover genetic diversity, identify adaptive traits, and improve crops for disease resistance, stress tolerance, and nutritional value. With its computational models and data analysis techniques, bioinformatics accelerates discoveries and contributes to sustainable agriculture, guiding the second green revolution towards resilient food systems.